U.S. Citizenship Eligibility: Are You Ready to Apply?

Becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization is a major milestone that offers new rights, benefits, and responsibilities. But before you apply, you need to ensure that you meet all eligibility requirements. The naturalization process is governed by strict rules, and even small mistakes can lead to delays or denials.

This guide provides a detailed checklist of requirements you must meet before submitting your Form N-400, Application for Naturalization. We’ll cover:

• Age and residency requirements
• Good moral character and criminal history considerations
• English and civics test requirements
• Continuous residence and physical presence rules
• Special exceptions and waivers

If you’re unsure whether you qualify for U.S. citizenship, this checklist will help you determine if you're ready to apply.

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1. Are You at Least 18 Years Old?

To apply for naturalization, you must be at least 18 years old at the time of filing Form N-400. Minors can only become U.S. citizens automatically if their parents are naturalized while they are under 18.

2. Do You Have Lawful Permanent Resident (Green Card) Status?

To qualify for U.S. citizenship, you must be a lawful permanent resident (LPR) and hold a valid green card. In most cases, you need to have had your green card for:

• At least 5 years as a permanent resident (most applicants).
• At least 3 years if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen.

Some exceptions apply, such as for military service members. If you're not sure about your green card status, check Green Card Renewal: Everything You Need to Know.

3. Have You Maintained Continuous Residence in the U.S.?

“Continuous residence” means that you have lived in the U.S. without extended trips abroad. If you have spent too much time outside the country, your eligibility may be affected.